History of Water and Civilization in Mesopotamian "Civilization received its most distinctive impress from the fact that man, who organized the Irrigation and agriculture, become the first king in the history of the world, and when he died was apotheosis to become the first god" G .E. Smith The origin of civilization From this fact, we can consider that there is no real, civilization with out water, though many civilization are known as (River civilization), such as Mesopotamian and the Nile valley, many researchers called these societies (hydraulic society), and their civilization as (hydraulic civilization) Mesopotamian is the place where the first hydraulic civilization in the world start, because of its oldest permanent Irrigation system known in the history. The location of the Fertile Crescent as the center of two great hydraulic civilization, (the twin rivers and the Nile), lies on the cross road of three continents and it has been the cradle of major civilizations. Because their was water and land and both are the main elements for life progress, so the first two ancient civilization in world, are Mesopotamian and the Nile valley, but Mesopotamian civilization considered the oldest, and because of the strong relation ship of Mesopotamian civilization with irrigation the god of water (Enki) also known as the God of civilization . From this old experiences of the water resources and hydraulic in Mesopotamian, there is development and progress in irrigation and concept for modern multi-purpose projects now a days. Their was diverse cultures have resulted to different levels of economic development and socio-political systems. So there is a great deal that we need to learn about water and agriculture history in Iraq because it dates back more than 5,000 years, but the damage done over the past two decades won't be easy to undo. What's needed now is information so that we can bring to bear the tools of modern irrigation and agricultural research to help Iraq develop its water, and agriculture in response to market forces and begin the job of rehabilitating its land and water resources, Because Iraq's (Mesopotamian) ability to feed itself had been compromised by years of neglect, drought, and the aftermath of the war. Now days the region is encountering a rapid, unbalanced demographic growth and increased urbanization trends. At the same time, the Mesopotamian region is rich in unique and fragile ecosystems. And Water supply in the region is unequally distributed in space and time, both at regional level and within riparian countries. And many regions have among the lowest per capita amount of water supply in the world. So, exploitation indexes of renewable natural fresh water resources have reached to high levels in the region. The intensive extraction and use of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes, without proper provisions for the protection of the resource, has led to serious water pollution of surface and ground water bodies. Due to the execution of the huge (GAP) project in Turkey, started mid of past century. Agriculture consumes (70-80%) of water in the Mesopotamian regions. due to the traditional and old methods used in irrigation. And due to the tradition in cooperation and networking schemes, there are many address issues of which, sustainable development, environmental protection and management of natural resources. Water is a defined priority in the majority of related regional processes. because of its historical role in life of Iraqi peoples. Iraq post war (The new Iraq) have to start in institutional reform, orienting priorities and practices towards an integrated water resources management. Not conflicts? References: Ahmed Sousa, 1983, History of Mesopotamian civilization, in the light Irrigation Agricultural projects, Recent Archaeological Discoveries, and Historical Sources, Vol. 1 Baghdad. Iraq 1983. No polls have been started yet!